Zeitschrift
archithese 5.2015
Zürich – für eine neue Planungspraxis
The evolution of architecture in the 20th century can be read as a history of alliances. Associations like the Werkbund, CIAM, Team 10 or the Texas Rangers acted as reform movements with a political or pedagogical agenda to spread their ideas – and finally also push them through – with the joint force of the collective. Our young millennium currently sees a renaissance of collaborative concepts and the establishment of unprecedented networks facilitated and expedited by digitalization and globalization. Can traditional structures still keep pace with these developments?
What is the general framework of these new collectives – open community, secret society or lobbyism? It is time to take a look under the surface and explore the mechanisms of these associations. How do they work, what keeps them together, and what powers them?
The recent crisis has thrown the architectural profession into economic and professional angst, and one could see a parallel in this to the previous century. Might it be that this uncertainty has led the architect – the great individualist – back into the collective? Isn’t the main purpose of alliances protection? But against whom?
The present issue of archithese examines these underlying structures of architecture on various levels. Architects like Max Bill, Le Corbusier or Esther McCoy developed their own strategies for reaching their goals and operated from their own networks. While Bill entered parliament as a politician to directly inject his idea of environmental design into the political discourse – a commitment that is rare amongst designers up to today – Le Corbusier’s upbringing in a Masonic milieu significantly expedited his career. Even today, some architects’ careers would not have come very far without a certain amount of external support, just think of SuperDutch or New Wave Denmark. In retrospect, many heroes of the American scene owe their legendary reputation to the architect and writer Esther McCoy, who, despite her achievements, has been largely forgotten by architectural historiography.
A fate similar to that of the young generation of contemporary architects in Southern Europe, who are already being called the „lost generation“. The dramatic slump of the Spanish and also the Italian construction industry has forced young architects, most of all, to question the traditional idea of the egomaniac artist-architect and to find new definitions as agents of society with social competence and community spirit. They thereby rediscover long-forgotten potential and areas for themselves and know how to make creative use of the possibilities of the 21st century to digitally connect and organize collective projects. But how does politics react to this new situation? While architectural associations used to mainly promote the interests of their members, they now for the first time in history face serious competition in the form of architectural trade unions in countries like Denmark or Spain. May it be that the profession felt their interests weren’t sufficiently represented anymore? Have the associations become tools of the economy and the construction industry?
A classic example of successful lobbyism can be found in the strategic methods of the Hamburg-based corporation ECE with its foundation „Stiftung Lebendige Stadt“ (Foundation for a Living City) for the major project MILANEO on the Stuttgart 21 area. The fusion of economy and politics achieves a certain blur here. And thus the economic lust for profit dominates the public good – which should customarily be protected by politics – thereby turning the city into prey. Lobbyism is no longer a pariah; it has become part of the establishment. We can at present already observe the emergence of new forms of dependencies, for example in the area of copyright legislation for new contracting forms like the Australian Project Alliance or in the transferral of estate archives, as is the case with the Barragán archives. So, what is the current state of the profession? – The time has come for new alliances.
The Editors
06 a für archithese. Zu unserem neuen Auftritt
14 Platz da! Das Unmögliche ermöglichen – Strategien für die Planung von Zürich | Patrick Gmür
24 Heterogenität fördern, Brüche zulassen | André Odermatt, Daniel Niggli, Rainer Klostermann und Thomas Baggenstos im Gespräch mit Jörg Himmelreich
36 Die Kontrolle behalten. Moderation und Verhandlungsgeschick gewinnen in Planungsprozessen an Bedeutung | Daniela Meyer
46 Vorgabe, Vision oder Utopie? Die Geschichte der Leitbilder und ihrer Wirkung mit Fokus auf Zürich | Celina Martinez
54 Ästhetik im Schatten der Optimierung. Reflexionen zu den Mechanismen der Arealüberbauungen am Beispiel des Wohnhochhauses Zölly | Christoph Ramisch
60 Zürich neu denken. Indizien für einen Wandel in der europäischen Stadtentwicklungspraxis | Angelus Eisinger, Alexa Bodammer
70 Von der Pflichtübung zur Raumkultur. Mitarbeit an der Stadt ersetzt Mitwirkung an der Planung | Moana Heussler, Regula Iseli, Peter Jenni, Stefan Kurath
78 Big Little City oder Little big City? Anatomie eines Doppelgängermotivs | Richard Zemp
86 Vom Entstehen urbaner Qualitäten. Zu den Wechselwirkungen zwischen Gesellschaft und gebauter Umwelt | Lukas Küng
Rubriken
94 Neues aus der Industrie
104 Vorschau und Impressum
What is the general framework of these new collectives – open community, secret society or lobbyism? It is time to take a look under the surface and explore the mechanisms of these associations. How do they work, what keeps them together, and what powers them?
The recent crisis has thrown the architectural profession into economic and professional angst, and one could see a parallel in this to the previous century. Might it be that this uncertainty has led the architect – the great individualist – back into the collective? Isn’t the main purpose of alliances protection? But against whom?
The present issue of archithese examines these underlying structures of architecture on various levels. Architects like Max Bill, Le Corbusier or Esther McCoy developed their own strategies for reaching their goals and operated from their own networks. While Bill entered parliament as a politician to directly inject his idea of environmental design into the political discourse – a commitment that is rare amongst designers up to today – Le Corbusier’s upbringing in a Masonic milieu significantly expedited his career. Even today, some architects’ careers would not have come very far without a certain amount of external support, just think of SuperDutch or New Wave Denmark. In retrospect, many heroes of the American scene owe their legendary reputation to the architect and writer Esther McCoy, who, despite her achievements, has been largely forgotten by architectural historiography.
A fate similar to that of the young generation of contemporary architects in Southern Europe, who are already being called the „lost generation“. The dramatic slump of the Spanish and also the Italian construction industry has forced young architects, most of all, to question the traditional idea of the egomaniac artist-architect and to find new definitions as agents of society with social competence and community spirit. They thereby rediscover long-forgotten potential and areas for themselves and know how to make creative use of the possibilities of the 21st century to digitally connect and organize collective projects. But how does politics react to this new situation? While architectural associations used to mainly promote the interests of their members, they now for the first time in history face serious competition in the form of architectural trade unions in countries like Denmark or Spain. May it be that the profession felt their interests weren’t sufficiently represented anymore? Have the associations become tools of the economy and the construction industry?
A classic example of successful lobbyism can be found in the strategic methods of the Hamburg-based corporation ECE with its foundation „Stiftung Lebendige Stadt“ (Foundation for a Living City) for the major project MILANEO on the Stuttgart 21 area. The fusion of economy and politics achieves a certain blur here. And thus the economic lust for profit dominates the public good – which should customarily be protected by politics – thereby turning the city into prey. Lobbyism is no longer a pariah; it has become part of the establishment. We can at present already observe the emergence of new forms of dependencies, for example in the area of copyright legislation for new contracting forms like the Australian Project Alliance or in the transferral of estate archives, as is the case with the Barragán archives. So, what is the current state of the profession? – The time has come for new alliances.
The Editors
06 a für archithese. Zu unserem neuen Auftritt
14 Platz da! Das Unmögliche ermöglichen – Strategien für die Planung von Zürich | Patrick Gmür
24 Heterogenität fördern, Brüche zulassen | André Odermatt, Daniel Niggli, Rainer Klostermann und Thomas Baggenstos im Gespräch mit Jörg Himmelreich
36 Die Kontrolle behalten. Moderation und Verhandlungsgeschick gewinnen in Planungsprozessen an Bedeutung | Daniela Meyer
46 Vorgabe, Vision oder Utopie? Die Geschichte der Leitbilder und ihrer Wirkung mit Fokus auf Zürich | Celina Martinez
54 Ästhetik im Schatten der Optimierung. Reflexionen zu den Mechanismen der Arealüberbauungen am Beispiel des Wohnhochhauses Zölly | Christoph Ramisch
60 Zürich neu denken. Indizien für einen Wandel in der europäischen Stadtentwicklungspraxis | Angelus Eisinger, Alexa Bodammer
70 Von der Pflichtübung zur Raumkultur. Mitarbeit an der Stadt ersetzt Mitwirkung an der Planung | Moana Heussler, Regula Iseli, Peter Jenni, Stefan Kurath
78 Big Little City oder Little big City? Anatomie eines Doppelgängermotivs | Richard Zemp
86 Vom Entstehen urbaner Qualitäten. Zu den Wechselwirkungen zwischen Gesellschaft und gebauter Umwelt | Lukas Küng
Rubriken
94 Neues aus der Industrie
104 Vorschau und Impressum
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